Kuwait's history
Urban presence in the Kuwait area stretching back more than four thousand years also indicate the remnants of cultural monuments found in Almntqh- due to the location of Kuwait's unique that makes them ring land and sea link between the parts of the world Alkadim- center gathering and distribution of civilizations Mokhtlvh- and signed an important strategic controls in the corridor to those civilizations and Alosoaq- Kazma (it was one of the old names for the region) station for the next convoys from Persia and Mesopotamia to the east of the island and Dakhlha- and was for a long time the trade link between the Indian Ocean and the Levant world and Europe- then the confluence of a point the longest trade routes of the ancient world and the most important. Failaka as they were with their own wells and fresh water station commercial vessels that connect the ports located at the head of the Gulf and the rest of the southern parts of it on its way to Oman, India and East Africa.
The State of Kuwait is located in the north-eastern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, the Arab Gulf is bordered to the east and Iraq to the north and the western and southern Saudi Arabia both sides. The Kuwait area of about 17,818 square kilometers and a population of about 403 and 213 and 2 million people, including 774 and 880 thousand citizens, and the rest of the Arab and non-Arab nationalities, according to the 2005 census. And consists of Kuwait surface of sandy plains and hills Menbsth- few Mtafrqh- is the most natural look is in the valley of subcontractors located in the north-west of the country, which represents the middle of the Kuwaiti-Iraqi border.
Kuwait has a number of islands Okprhadzerh Bopejanoaly north of the island and Rbh- At the entrance to the Bay of Kuwait Failaka island of fame Altarueh- and next fall Mscanuaohh islands. There are other small islands at the southern coast of the country is «large» and «Qaruh» and «mother Maradim».
This area was known as the first Kazma to the early seventh century XI. The harbor of the same name is located in the northwestern part of John Alkwyt.tm moved mentioned the urban center to the south, where John is known as the consort and Kuwait.
The documents and historical connotations that the genesis of Kuwait City was in 1613, when m- influx of families and tribal groups began to immigrants from this region, we find great insight aware of the importance of this site and its features SDI.
Tribes that descended Kuwait area to the community Houdra- has obvious political entity characterized by stability and prosperity-see him Rahalon who visited Almntqh- and Menhmmurtady bin Alonvi 1709 m- also documents the British archives indicate that the verdict was the family of the morning in the year 1716 AD has become something that refers to the emergence of this community extends a previous period. Settled community Alkwyta- and launched its activities on land and Sear- seemed urgent need to drive back to her people in Omoarham- has legitimacy and the ability to secure and protect their community and their interests and representation of the authorities and the communities that surround Bhm- Fhdoa the presidency to a man in them Manal Bbahrooh distinct promising and closest to the right - tomorrow rule in this family Etwarth largest Wiser them to this day.
Kuwait economic activities by oil:
Characterize the economic activity of the society in Bwakirh and upbringing diversity gathered between wild activity and activity Seara- has plunged the people of this community in the depths of the seas in search of Allali- and roamed the seas in ships they made Bodim- They transport goods and trade between the ports of the Gulf, Africa and the coast of India and arrived in Colombo and Bengal Islands India Alcherqah- historians have registered and captains Seaaralojanb praising this maritime activity also praised the strength of the Kuwaiti ships and Kthertha- mentions «Knbhausn» resident official Dutch East India company in 1756 that Kuwait at that early period it owns 300 ships working on 4,000 men in the pearling Unlike fishing vessels and ships of Commerce and the Kuwait Navy developing. And we can realize the rapid rate of growth, which mentioned the German trekkers «Carsten Niebuhr Carsten Neibuhr eight years after that date, in talking about his trips to the Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula between 1764 and 1765 in which he described the achievements of Kuwait Azdhar- and that their children have become possess more than eight hundred Ship. And expresses «Valyars» (1938), author of the book «Sons of Sinbad» means their Alkwytien- impressed actively Kuwait Seara- mentions: «The interface Kuwait Navy excelled fall upon AIN It extends to a distance Malin- composed workshop great for making transport ships sailing - crowded ships along this interface in the movement do not Tahedo- and work uninterrupted Trdadh »and describe the conduct of the sailors Kuwaitis on the ship saying:« they deem homeland despite the rigors of work and Khconth- and racing to accomplish the most demanding business ran in obedience and satisfaction and love of the night Nhar- an approach I had not seen on any other ship only in the conduct of sailors Kuwait. Cut ten thousand miles from their ships amid many dangers without fuss or Tzmr- They sailors to the bone and the men do not know the falsity ».
Despite the unlimited absolute power granted by the maritime traditions of the captain's (captain) - the accounts of history and certificates of sailors tell us that the Kuwaiti Nokhitha Avamh- was, for example, in upholding justice and Alomanh- not overdo in one penny of the right of the sailors or the ship or merchant who entrusted him Alleha- was deals with the sailors in the spirit of the father and the father gives the example of Nevsh- that reflected on the ship where the joy of community hesitate songs that Isdh by Seaarh- and is genuinely willing and have made no limits Lh- and successful trip and revenues.
The other part of the community of Kuwait activity in early upbringing is the wild activity that goes by the huge convoys, including in respect of trade and travelers to Damascus and Aleppo in the North-were in the convoy also told us the English physician «Edward Ives» in 1758 AD in his report where he planned traveling with one of these convoys five thousand camels, and a thousand men Icodunha- The size of this trade Albrai- activity shows also shows how much political clout enjoyed by the ruler of Kuwait within the Arabian Peninsula and its ability to secure the road for those big convoy to reach its goal Alnhaia.oukd had these economic activities on land and at sea before the discovery of oil deep effects that reflected on the community Kuwait in various Joinbh- and formulated his departure on a trip Bnaih- cohesion and solidarity and cooperation and joint action and respect for the word and meet them has become a method for Hyatt and taught them the adversity that the Shura is the guarantee and the basis for the unity of the community and Antlagah- and allowed them to excursions on land and sea open to the communities and new ideas and Mokhtlvh-, gaining flexible and open-minded and mentally ready to accept every new handy-and they are more able to cope with the conditions Tarih- and learned from the problems and Almkhatron be realistic in dealing with their own affairs and to exercise Oamalhm- tell them intolerance and Althzb- and marked by religious their conduct facilitative and Asamahh.alkwyt in the face of the global power struggle in the Gulf: the She faced a community of Kuwait in its origins and its history which is well over three centuries Otmaa and struggle of major powers as a result of developing its activities and prosperity and his appearance as an influential force in Mahath- strategic and its location in the Arabian Gulf, which has become in this attractive period for Otmaa- and therefore exciting to conflicts between the forces wishing to control the lines global Communications, which represents Kuwait loop major link between Odzaiha.oukd succeeded Kuwait in maintaining the character and existence of a cultural entity distinct a civilian in nature by virtue of the maritime trade round Obnaih- while dominated the neighboring political entities social pattern and economically diverse, ranging from the feudal style and pattern-Badawi, who has not moved Almstqr.oukd community to stage encounters this outstanding economic entity represented by Kuwait a major ground forces surrounding it, as the state of the Ottoman Gharba- in the north and a major naval forces in the Gulf: the Portuguese Valholndeon then Albraitanion- as it was to the Germans and the Russians their own interests therein. Was imposed on Kuwait trend committed by their rulers and Habha- which is to pursue a policy of balance lead to maintain its independence and avoid attempts to enter into a dependency ranges and domination with any of the powers Kabry- and explains that many aspects of Kuwaiti relations of both with the Ottoman Empire Oouma Suaha.alaqh Kuwait Ottoman state: was resisted by Kuwait, all attempts at containment and the imposition of dependency on the part of the Ottoman Empire, which dominated most of the Mashreq Arab-though keen to support the continuation of general Islamic relationship to the State of Klavh- a religious relationship does not affect the interests of Kuwait and Astqlalha- not entail for the governors of the Ottoman Empire in Iraq any political rights in Kuwait. Film Kuwait to provide any kind of loyalty to the governors of the Ottomans in Basra or Gerha- and relied on itself to repel tribal attacks Alleha- did not accept delivery of the refuge to the rebels on the Ottoman state and welcomed Kuwait's desire British agency of the British East India Company to relocate them after dispute with the Ottoman power in Basra and remained in Kuwait from 1793 to 1795 m- and refused to Berlin line through the Iron their land despite pressure Alolman- although blessed and participation Ottoman Aqamth- did not accept this is a crucial sign of the independence of any Ottoman province on the policy of Foreign Affairs, was held treaties check that interests a treaty with Britain in 1899. Judgment has remained since the inception of Kuwait and the continuation of its history in the al-Sabah family chosen by the people of Kuwait without interference or jurisdiction of any party Foreigh- leaving a decision Kuwaiti independent stems from the national vision and Massalhaa.hdod Kuwait with its neighbors: If we wondered about the image of Kuwait's borders with its neighbors since it marked urban and political entity and settled in the seventeenth century, we find very answer clarity in Alcartojraveh works published for the Arabian Peninsula and the region KUWAIT and painted by renowned scientists from different countries during those centuries Althelath- a historical work published before he raised any claim or dispute about the limits KUWAIT One of these brothers Kheraitchrith «Ootens» dating back to the early eighteenth century XI. Tmchrith «Karl Ritter» geographical world famous German and prepared in 1818 and m- map «Palgrave» English traveler 1862. Show Kuwait's borders with its neighbors, particularly the northern border in these maps on a stable and frequently almost identical and is becoming increasingly apparent and accuracy with the development and upgrade Alcartojraveh business in the nineteenth century. And similar border lines that we see in these maps to a large current state of Kuwait to the limits set out in the agreements signed by Iraq extent. In the beginning of the twentieth century, when the Arab states took in Independence keen new states to declare its borders with Jaranha- It Pinhzh states «Iraq» that swapped memos about that with KUWAIT this resulted in a detailed mutual recognition on the border in 1932 m- has been confirmed this identification and description of the Iraqi borders of Kuwait at a later agreement has between Kuwait and Iraq in 1963 M.ohzh border recognized by Iraq twice before the Iraqi aggression against Kuwait 1990 is the same border that ended with the international Commission for the demarcation of the border between Kuwait and Iraq set up by the UN after the liberation of Kuwait from aggression Alaraca- and adopted its final report, the UN Security Council Afikrarh 833 in May 1993 m- herself a border recognized by the Iraq finally the third time Vichehr November 1994 M.olm add these limits new territory of Kuwait at the expense of Iraq, even painted stable facts on the ground Allowaqa- and that allowed the country to reach the six respective ports freely Kamilh- and through the waterfront and waterways connected to more than 300 Iklmitr- awarded Iraq in Safwan and Khor Al-Zubair more which demanded Bh.aelchory and democracy based on the system of government in Kuwait: characterized by aThe relationship between the Kuwaiti people and its rulers throughout history, the nature of private noted local and foreign historians apart and different from surrounding entities Vbbah I Bin Jaber, who died in 1743 the historian Saif Al-Shamlan «was consult the people of Kuwait in the important things do not cut something without consulting them» - the second ruling Abdullah bin Sabah bin Jaber (1743 1813 m) and described by historian Sheikh Youssef bin Isa that he «was a man Hazma- soon Alhak- loving Adalah Hassan Alsaash- not decide on the matter only after consultation Jmaath- not disagree with they see rightly» dub Sir «Harvard Jones» (1793) that he «was a strong solemn personal not have people of the city a man reported feelings of reverence was for them as a father does not governor» .oketb Medhat Pasha, the governor of Baghdad, who visited Kuwait 1872 that the governor of Basra, Namik Pasha wanted to inflict Kuwait Basra refused her family because they are accustomed to non-compliance of the costs and submit to the government and then says «the Islamic Group today named Abdullah Al-Sabah and its people Shafi'ie they run their affairs according to the Sharia law, including the ruler and Kadhihm they are semi-Republic». When he visited British resident in the Gulf «Luis Belli» Kuwait in 1865 ruling description Sheikh Sabah as «running things in the spirit of the father toward Obnaih- disdains not to comply with the judge's ruling if it goes against what goes to him. Whatever the case is, the imposition of sanctions on the population was a rare Alhdot- In fact, you do not find government intervention in any order of things, the people-and the government does not find themselves need to take such attitudes of individuals ». This historical references and enhance the special nature of the democratic relationship between the Kuwaitis and their rulers and documented what is stated in Rahalin who visited Kuwait and maps in which Kuwait emerged during that Altarueh- reporting periods has been keen some geographers to be registered this distinct relationship that Odrickoha in their maps They used the name «Republic of Kuwait »to indicate the nature of the political system of this society - and we find this label on the map that Smhaalm German« Karl Ritter »the Arabian Peninsula in 1818 m- also that the same label in the English world map Alexander« Johnston »which is one of the most prominent geographers Englishmen in the first half of the nineteenth century. ten, in the High Atlas, which was issued in Edinburgh in 1874 M.oukd this approach continues to love and consultation and exchange of opinion and respect and trust between the rulers and the ruled arose in the later stages on the basis of constitutional life in a society KUWAIT was Kuwait is the trendsetter in the region since 1921 to establish Council Chory- since independence and continued efforts to take the Constitution and parliamentary life Menhja- and promote it in the practice of this legacy method Hyatt we find the ruling brothers citizens involved in various social rituals visit them in their joys Mhnia- in Otraham Mazia- as they entered it in the boards in the least of them all the time the greatest on the first in their own way since the inception of Kuwait. This spirit and show the spirit of consultation and exchange of opinions and meet at the heart of one man in calamities and Alhdaid- Vtlthm the nation in hardness and Tmask- which is what happened in the face of aggression Alaraca- where he announced the Kuwaitis, who gathered at the People's Congress (Region October 1990 m) during the period of aggression Iraqi they do not accept without legitimacy and continuation of the approach they have chosen to their rule since the inception of Kuwait Bdela- has stunned the world this unique phenomenon where the occupier did not find the assailant who imagine they are opposed to accept only a Acharaah- collapsed all the arguments that debunked aggression). this test proved fateful system of Shura and democracy in Kuwait, its authenticity and depth of its roots and its ability including cemented its values and gained the flexibility to accommodate the diversity and cultures, opinions and interests within the framework of the unity and Altal- in an atmosphere of friendliness and tolerance, consultation, and the rule of law. Climate of freedom and breadth of participation base of volunteer grassroots initiatives to make efforts in the areas of social development Almokhtlvh- has encouraged arose in a society in Kuwait Limited and fifty five useless Association general population provide volunteer services and advice in various aspects of life in Almojtma.oantalegt in rehab this review all its energies to achieve social development Alchamlh- rose fruit of all that the relative value of Ansanbaattabarh Mahoralhzh development final and the target of Ha.oukd crystallized these democratic practices on which the community of Kuwait in the modern democratic constitutional formula between the authorities Althelat- and establish controls to ensure broad public participation in matters of governance and oversight-operative power and ensure the fundamental freedoms of citizens and defining roles and tasks in order to ensure a balance between these powers when given the opportunity after the announcement of Kuwait's independence from British protection in 1961 m- the Altnadi thus stems from the nation's ruler at the time of one- after a few months of independence Omraheik Abdullah Al-Salem Kuwait's ruler to form a committee popularity to draft a modern Kuwait Constitution Almstql- and after the formation of the committee two months later the general election began to choose members of the first parliament in Albulad- was reorganized government departments to be able to implement the comprehensive development movement and Khttha- was selected most of the cabinet members of the elected members of the National Assembly, which consists of fifty Edoa- and who has all the powers under the Constitution and policy-making, legislation and oversight of the executive branch. And flourished Press to reach (5) daily newspapers represent all directions in addition to the two newspapers are published in English and (61) political and cultural magazine and Mt_khassh.oukd these factors Tazrt all: Growing and Aljdhur-, challenges and Alsamud- and stability of governance and stability, and openness to the formula of democratic practice stems from the the experience of this country is not based on partisanship and lust rule and isolation inside went Alhzb- but vary the views and Altugeat- and practiced in the framework of the launching of the freedoms Altobeir- the orientation and choice whereStems from the self-conviction to serve the interests of the homeland and consistent core values of a society of Kuwait without exceeding the dispute loving barrier and Altaaon- or reside intolerant does not accept dialogue or prevent change direction if new evidence was found which opens the channels and evaluates bridges between different orientations for cooperation and work Almstrk.oukd Researchers at the Followers of political science democracy to experience Kuwait scored the likes of Crystal (1981) and Hudson (1979) and Boz (1982) and Ismail (1986) in their writings their vision for this Altejrebh- agreed writings on «the National Assembly in Kuwait has largely succeeded in shouldering social responsibility - showed brilliantly ability to work real legislative institution produced Kuwaiti society the majority of political institutions and mechanisms that played a key role in the development witnessed by Kuwait trip ».al morning: the rulers Alkwytintma Al Sabah rulers of Kuwait to the Arab tribe Goat and owe their origin to the Hadar region Aflaj of the territory, we find . One of the largest Arab tribes and Ochehrha- divided goat to many drumsticks beautiful ones, which is divided into branches, including Al Abbah.oukd emigrated Al-Sabah and cousins Al Khalifa, as well as Jalahma batches Mrthalin north in search of more suitable for their living conditions went down with a number of Gulf countries after roaming long a period in which some estimated fifty years before settling permanently in Alkwyt.uerga some of this immigration wave to the great drought that plagued the Arabian peninsula in the seventh century Almilada- others and bring him back to disagreements broke out between the clans of these tribes although it is known that the migration of tribes and clans to another citizen was a feature of life tribal desert communities across the ages. the dubbed this new immigrant groups, one of the different tribes name Alatob- pointed out some of them on behalf of the children of the threshold or Alatobien- but probably referred to by most of the sources that the word Utub derived from the triple act lintel sense moved and traveled and place and then Valatob is not a name to the thigh of the tribe goat. And derive the names of the tribes of Ward acts in the Arabian Peninsula region Tribes al-dhafeer group of tribes joined hands and Athdt- and Arabs Muntafiq clans united and knew Mountvq. As a result of the continued stability of the new society in which honorable Alatob- and the start of activities on land and sea seemed a pressing need for the presence of lead people back to her in their affairs and possess legitimacy and the ability to protect Massalham- and dealing with the authorities and their surrounding communities arose that migrant families in Kuwait, the election of a man whom the Al-Sabah saw «representing them Akla- and best in the biography and the gumption and the closest to follow Alhak- Hazem- lover of justice» Fhdoa him the presidency but he did not accept until after taking them his rule into force on Sharif and debased and took referee character Shura was «Sheikh of Kuwait consult his people in regard to his hometown» .oppema selection rule became in Kuwait since then and to this day continues in Sabah family Etwarth largest Menhm.otakhtlv historical sources Wiser about determining the date of the beginning of the rule of the Al-Sabah as a result of disagreement on a specific date for the migration of Utub and the period in which they toured the Gulf and the time elapsed between disembarking the land of Kuwait and their choice every morning Gama.olkn documents British archives indicate that the provision was the Al-Sabah in 1716 meters (1) which is to renege this provision was a reality prior period, making recent studies adopt the 1613 beginning of the rule of the Al-Sabah based on a set of indicators and documents in the writings of historians, which stated that the establishment of Kuwait was in 1613 m- including Sheikh Mubarak Al-Sabah, a message which states that his ancestors landed in Kuwait in 1022 AH. corresponding to 1613 m- and reported by Col. Lewis Bailey in his report in 1863 that the Al-Sabah who ruled Kuwait from 250 years ie in 1613 and m refers to a review of documents some of the mosques in Kuwait and dates of appointment of judges.
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